Wastes containing live microorganisms can be treated by autoclaving or chemical disinfection.

• A. True
• B. Sometimes
• C. False
• D. Never

Answer: (A)

The key idea is that infectious waste can be rendered non-infectious using methods that destroy microbial life. Autoclaving uses high-pressure steam to achieve sterilization, killing all organisms, including spores, making it a robust method for Waste containing live microorganisms. Chemical disinfection employs chemical agents to inactivate many pathogens; its effectiveness depends on the agent, concentration, contact time, and the type of organism and organic matter present. For many waste streams, autoclaving is the most reliable option, while chemical disinfection can be used for wastes that can’t be autoclaved or as an additional step. Because both approaches can render the waste non-infectious, the statement is true.